Objective： To develop the self⁃assessment scale of communication ability between nursing students and the elderly，and to test the reliability and validity. Methods： The initial scale was formed through literature review，referring to the dimensions and item of relevant scales，after expert correspondence and pre⁃investigation.A total of 522 nursing students who practiced in tertiary grade A hospitals in Wuhan city and Haikou city from December 13，2022 to February 23， 2023 were selected as investigation objects to test the reliability and validity of the scale. Results： The self⁃assessment scale of communication ability between nursing students and the elderly included 4 dimensions and 21 items.Exploratory factor analysis extracted 4 common factors，and the cumulative contribution rate of variance was 60.159%.The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model was well⁃fitted.The scale⁃level content validity index（S⁃CVI）was 0.95.The item⁃level content validity index（I⁃CVI） ranged from 0.67 to 1.00.The Cronbach's alpha coefficient，split⁃half reliability，and retest reliability of the scale were 0.869，0.846，and 0.733，respectively. Conclusions： The self⁃assessment scale of communication ability between nursing students and the elderly has good reliability and validity.The scale has certain application value in guiding teaching and clinical practice，and it can be used to evaluate communication ability of nursing students.

Objective： To construct the post competence evaluation index system for transitional care nurses providing home visiting service. Methods： The post competence evaluation index system for transitional care nurses providing home visiting service was constructed through literature review，semi⁃structured interview and Delphi method. Result： The effective recovery rates of the two rounds of expert correspondence were 100%，and the expert authority coefficients were 0.879 and 0.891，respectively.The Kendall coefficients of the first⁃level indicators，second⁃level indicators and third⁃level indicators were 0.297，0.352 and 0.167，respectively.The final post competence evaluation index system for transitional care nurses providing home visiting service included 4 first⁃level indicators，19 second⁃level indicators and 64 third⁃level indicators. Conclusions： The post competence evaluation index system for transitional care nurses providing home visiting service is highly scientific and reliable，and it can provide reference for the selection，training，evaluation and performance management of transitional care nurses providing home visiting service.

Objective： To develop the exercise self⁃efficacy scale for patients with hypertension，and to test its reliability and validity. Methods： Guided by self⁃efficacy theory and social cognition theory，the initial scale was formed through literature analysis and expert correspondence.The convenience sampling method was used to select 137 patients with hypertension for pre⁃investigation.According to the patients' feedback and data analysis results，the items of the scale were screened and the language was adjusted.A total of 572 patients with hypertension were investigated to test the reliability and validity of the scale. Results： The finalized exercise self⁃efficacy scale for patients with hypertension included two first⁃level items，five second⁃level items and 34 third⁃level items.The item⁃level content validity index（I⁃CVI） ranged from 0.818 to 1.000.The universal agreement scale⁃level content validity index（S⁃CVI/UA） was 0.875，and the average scale⁃level content validity index（S⁃CVI/Ave） was 0.990.Exploratory factor analysis extracted 5 common factors，and the cumulative contribution rate of variance was 62.173%.The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the fitting effect was good.The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the total scale was 0.942，the split⁃half reliability was 0.957，and the test⁃retest reliability was 0.888. Conclusions： The exercise self⁃efficacy scale for patients with hypertension has good reliability and validity，and it can be used as an assessment tool for exercise self⁃efficacy in patients with hypertension.

Objective： To translate the Occupational Future Time Perspective Scale into Chinese，and to test its reliability and validity. Methods： The Chinese version of the Occupational Future Time Perspective Scale was formed after translated，back⁃translated，cultural adaptation and pre⁃surveyed based on Brislin principle. A total of 480 nurses from 3 tertiary public hospitals in Henan province were selected by convenience sampling method to test the reliability and validity. Results： The Chinese version of Occupational Future Time Perspective Scale included 3 dimensions and 9 items.The item⁃level content validity index（I⁃CVI） ranged from 0.860 to 1.000，and the average scale⁃level content validity index（S⁃CVI/Ave） was 0.953.Exploratory factor analysis extracted 3 common factors，and the cumulative contribution rate of variance was 82.277%.Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit well.The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.887.The test⁃retest reliability was 0.876. The split⁃half coefficient of the total scale was 0.765. Conclusions： The Chinese version of the Occupational Future Time Perspective Scale has good reliability and validity，and it can be used as an effective assessment tool to evaluate the occupational future time perspective of nurses in China.

Objective： To test the reliability and validity of the Learned Helplessness Scale in patients with multiple chronic conditions. Methods： A total of 306 patients with multiple chronic conditions from July to August 2023 in a tertiary grade A hospital in Xiangyang city were selected as the study objects by convenience sampling method.The Learned Helplessness Scale was used to investigate the patients and to test the reliability and validity of the scale. Results： The Cronbach's α coefficient of Learned Helplessness Scale was 0.946.The split⁃half coefficient was 0.942.The item⁃level content validity index（I⁃CVI） ranged from 0.889 to 1.000.The scale⁃level content validity index（S⁃CVI）was 0.986.Exploratory factor analysis extracted two common factors，and the cumulative contribution rate of variance was 67.723%.The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit well. Conclusions： The Learned Helplessness Scale has good reliability and validity，and it can be used as an assessment tool to evaluate the level of learned helplessness in patients with multiple chronic conditions.

Objective： To construct the symptom assessment scale for patients with osteoporotic fracture，and to provide scientific basis for symptom assessment and management of patients with osteoporotic fracture. Methods： The symptom assessment scale for patients with osteoporotic fracture was constructed through literature review，semi⁃structured interview，Delphi expert correspondence. Results： A total of 2 rounds of expert correspondence were conducted.The effective recovery rate of the questionnaire was 100%，and the expert authority coefficient was 0.91.The Kendall harmony coefficient of the first and second rounds were 0.130⁃0.249 and 0.163⁃0.344，respectively.The constructed symptom assessment scale for osteoporotic fracture included 4 dimensions（specific symptoms，general physiological symptoms， treatment and complication related symptoms and psychological symptoms）， with a total of 31 symptom items. Conclusions： The constructed symptom assessment scale for patients with osteoporotic fractures is highly authoritative and scientific，and it can be used as a symptom assessment tool for patients with osteoporotic fractures，to provide basis for personalized symptom management.

Objective： To translate the Everyday Ageism Scale（EAS） into Chinese，and to test its reliability and validity in the elderly. Methods： The English version of EAS was translated based on Brislin's principle.A total of 411 elderly people were investigated using the general Data questionnaire and the Chinese version of EAS to test its reliability and validity. Results： The Chinese version of EAS included 3 dimensions（exposure to ageist messages，ageism in interpersonal interactions，and internalized ageism） and 10 items.The Cronbach's α coefficient，split⁃half reliability，and retest reliability were 0.861，0.808，and 0.823，respectively.The item⁃level content validity index（I⁃CVI） ranged from 0.857 to 1.000. The scale⁃level content validity index（S⁃CVI）was 0.943.Exploratory factor analysis extracted 3 common factors，and the cumulative contribution rate of variance was 68.797%.The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model was well⁃fitted. Conclusions： The Chinese version of EAS has good reliability and validity，and it can be used to evaluate the everyday ageism of the elderly in China.

Objective： To investigate the status quo and influencing factors of professional death avoidance in ICU nurses in tertiary grade A hospitals，and to provide reference for the formulation of intervention programs. Methods： A total of 464 ICU nurses from 12 tertiary grade A hospitals were investigated by general data questionnaire，Professional Death Avoidance Scale for ICU Nurses，Death Coping Scale and Death Anxiety Scale. Results： The total score of professional death avoidance of ICU nurses was （37.39±8.61）.Age，religious belief，receiving death education in school，attending death education training in the past 1 year，attitude towards ICU nursing work，number of cadaver nursing，coping with death and death anxiety were the main influencing factors of professional death avoidance for ICU nurses（<0.05）. Conclusions： The professional death avoidance of ICU nurses is at a medium level.There are many influencing factors of professional death avoidance for ICU nurses in tertiary grade A hospitals.Nursing managers can intervene according to the influencing factors to reduce the level of professional death avoidance among ICU nurses and improve the quality of nursing in ICU.